July 02, 2008
Slumps Vs. Plateaus
In a slump your skills and performance deteriorate. Suddenly you have no gas, no coordination, and are always a step behind in sparring. Those sparring partners you usually dominate start dominating you, tapping you out with ease.
Oftentimes there is an obvious reason for the slump (at least in retrospect). Maybe it was because you were overtrained, or fighting off a cold, or emotionally drained from work, or sleeping badly, or not training enough. In any case, you usually figure it out and your learning curve starts to go head in the right direction again. Most slumps are fairly short, on the scale of days to a few weeks. It's very frustrating while it's happening, but at least it's over quickly.
A plateau, on the other hand, happens when you stop making progress and get stuck at the same skill and performance level for a long time. You might be training just as hard as you always have, but you're just not getting any better.
Plateaus usually last longer than slumps, especially as you become more skilled. Plateaus typically last one to several months, and sometimes as long as half a year. To make matters worse, during this time your highly inconsiderate training partners insist on continuing to make progress, widening the gulf and leaving you in the dust.
Plateaus are usually more demoralizing than slumps. Anyone can handle having a bad day or two, but training hard and not seeing any obvious benefits or improvements from training is hard on the ego and can make anyone question themselves.
The underlying cause for skill plateaus is hard to diagnose, and definitely harder than figuring out why someone is in a slump. Furthermore, without knowing the cause for a plateau it's hard to prescribe a cure, so often one is just left with a shotgun approach to solving the problem. Sometimes people have some success in ending a plateau by changing their techniques, training regimen, diet or the amount of sleep they get, but the fact of the matter is that most people's skills improve in little steps, not in a smooth line. You work and you work and you work and then, all of a sudden, BAM! Your game jumps up one or two levels overnight!
My advice for dealing with plateaus: maybe try shaking things up in your training or conditioning routine, but mainly try not to get too discouraged and remember that everyone goes through this at some point. Definitely hang in there: everyone gets better eventually!
Labels: Injuries, overtraining, the mental aspect
Paulson Podcast
My friend and coach Erik Paulson was recently featured on the MMA Podcast Carson's Corner. It is a very interesting interview in which he candidly discusses his recent (triumphant) return to the ring, why he wasn't allowed to compete in the early UFC, and coaching such fighters as Ken Shamrock and Josh Barnett.Labels: teachers
June 06, 2008
A Glossary of Guard Positions, or Lumping vs. Splitting
When it comes variations of the guard position grapplers tend to fall into one of two categories: 'lumpers' and 'splitters'.Lumpers want to minimize the number of guard positions, and often just rely on the terms "Closed Guard", "Open Guard", and "Half Guard" to describe the incredible variety of positions that a grappler can find himself in while fighting from his guard. My BJJ coach, Marcus Soares, is definitely in this first category, and he often teases me by claiming that I am only interested in insect positions (e.g. Spider Guard, Butterfly Guard, Grasshopper Guard, etc.).
Splitters, on the other hand, try to name and identify the variations of guard. Some of these names are indeed based on insects, others are named after people who specialize in that position, while other names attempt to describe some aspect of the guard itself.
I see several reasons to separate and name the major variations of the guard position. First of all, it's faster to say "de la Riva Guard" than it is to try and describe the position in words (e.g. "the open guard position where you wrap your outside leg around the back of your opponent's lead leg, inserting your foot through his legs near his hip").
Secondly, if a position is solid and reliable enough to be named then that name helps you quickly recognize the position and identify the most likely attacks available to you from there. This is useful both if you are the person using the guard position, or if you are the person in the guard. Your thought process might go something like this: "Oh, my opponent is trying to get the High Guard: time to drive my weight forward and free my shoulder".
Thirdly, giving positions and techniques names often helps people remember them better. This is especially useful in BJJ, a sport which came to North America rich in technique but impoverished and inconsistent in nomenclature.
With all this in mind I invite you to look at and study the newest articles up on Grapplearts: a three part Glossary of Guard Positions. These articles were co-written by Elliott Bayev and myself, and abbreviated versions of them first appeared in Ultimate Grappling Magazine.
Check out
Article 1 - The Closed Guard
Article 2 - The Open Guard
Article 3 - The Half Guard
May 26, 2008
The Stiff Arm (in Grappling)
But there are many times and places to use the stiff arm correctly...
One good example is in guard pass prevention. I've written before about the importance of pushing the head to prevent the guard pass. If you manage to lock your arm straight when you do this it is much more efficient than using a bent arm: you can push your opponent further away AND it leaves you with more energy to think about what to do next.
Another example comes from offensive guard work. If you've seen my Butterfly and X Guard DVD then you know that transitioning from butterfly guard to X guard is one of my favorite techniques. This technique requires a stiff arm push to the ribs in order to keep your opponent's weight off of you. The most common error I observe when people try to do this technique is that they try to push with a bent arm, which usually just isn't strong enough to do the trick.
A final example is the backwards somersault mount escape. In this technique you bridge to get your opponent's weight forward, put your hands in his armpits, keep your arms straight and do a backwards somersault to escape the mount. If your arms are bent you just won't be able to pull off this escape.
A straight arm can hold much more weight than a bent arm, because the bones, not the muscles, are doing the work. Consider weightlifting: a person can usually hold (or 'lock out') at least a hundred pounds more than they can actually bench press. If the arm is bent then the triceps muscle has to actively work to push the weight away, and gets tired much more quickly.
Keep in mind that when you stiff arm your opponent in the middle of his chest you might be giving him the positioning and energy he needs to apply a quick armbar on you. On those occasions when I do stiff arm someone in the chest I am on ultra-high alert for the armbar. If you want to avoid the armbar danger, restrict your stiff arming to the head, hips or side of the ribcage.
Finally I need to say a few things about injury prevention. Intentionally stiff arming an opponent is very different from just sitting around on the mat with your arm locked out. It's also very different from putting your arm out straight to stop being thrown, which is a recipe for breaking your arm and/or dislocating your elbow. The general rule in jiu-jitsu is that you DON"T fully straighten your arms, and what I discussed today is an exception to that (very good) rule. Go ahead and stiff arm people, just be conscious about what you are doing and use it judiciously.
May 12, 2008
A Half Guard Secret
To help visualize the movement think about doing a hanging knee raise - it is basically the same movement, just in a different plane. Here's a good video on how to do that exercise.
OK, so why would we want to do that movement from the bottom half guard? In that position my legs clamp one of my opponent's legs, and when I bring my knees up to my chest my opponent will be moved up, over top of me. If you've seen my Half Guard Sweeps DVD then you know that many powerful half guard attacks start with moving DOWN your opponent's body to get access to his feet, legs and hips. Chris Brennan's 'secret' accomplishes the same thing by a different mechanism: it moves his body UP, rather than your own body down.
There is a pre-requisite to using this move: your opponent can't be clamped down onto your body or head with his arms (which would kill your ability to move him up over you). Accordingly you have to grip fight and time the execution of this move to take advantage of those transitional moments in the half guard when his weight isn't settled and his arms aren't holding you too firmly. Do that and your opponent will be well on his way to getting swept
Labels: the guard
More Half Guard Resources

Here are some articles, videos and resources on Grapplearts.com that will help you develop a mobile, attacking half guard:
- The Evolution of the Half Guard
- An Attack Series from the Half Guard
- Counter to the Crossface in Half Guard
- 17 Tips for an Active Bottom Half Guard
- Leg Position Drill Video
- Finishing the Kimura from Half Guard Video
- Finishing the Half Guard Backclimb Video
- The Two-Pronged Half Guard
- Half Guard Sweep From Standing
- Information about the Dynamic Half Guard DVD
Labels: the guard
May 03, 2008
Cauliflower Ears in Brazilian Jiu-jitsu
We've added a lot of information on the care and feeding of cauliflower ears, a relatively common grappling injury. Read the whole article, Cauliflower Ears in Brazilian Jiu-jitsu, here.Train Hard, Recover Smart
If you said "breakfast" then you're wrong, at least if you're a hard-training combat athlete. According to Martin Rooney, author of 'Training For Warriors, the Team Renzo Gracie Workout', the two most important meals of the day are your pre and post-workout meals. Furthermore, Mr. Rooney isn't alone in this belief: there is research on sports as diverse as endurance running and weightlifting showing very significant effects of preworkout, and especially postworkout, nutrition.
Getting some extra liquid, carbohydrates and protein into your body shortly BEFORE a workout allows you to train harder, longer, and minimizes muscle damage and compromise to your immune system during your workout.
Eating (or drinking) within 45 minutes AFTER exercise actually helps heal your body, builds new muscle, and replenishes your body's energy stores so that you'll feel fresh for your next workout. Lack of proper postworkout nutrition is a huge contributing factor in overtraining. If you often feel like a stumbling zombie for 24 hours after intense training then the first thing you should try is making sure that you get good nutrition into your body soon after the training stops. If you're doing multiple workouts in a day then then postworkout nutrition is often the only thing between you and total system breakdown.
It is important that your post-workout meal be consumed soon after your workout (within 45 minutes). After training your body experiences an 'anabolic window', during which the cells of your body are especially able to absorb and use nutrients. This window starts to close soon after you stop training, so it is better to get something into your belly fast rather than waiting and having the perfect meal two hours later.
OK, so what should these meals look like? Most people agree that the pre and post workout 'meals' should be in liquid form, both to provide you with liquid to replace lost sweat and to speed absorption of the nutrients. Basically we're talking about an athlete's version of the bodybuilder's shake.
THE PREWORKOUT MEAL (c. 10 minutes before exercise)
This is a chance to get some liquid, fuel (sugar and carbohydrates) and electrolytes into your body before your workout, giving it something to burn up and sweat out. The addition of a small amount of protein helps limit muscle breakdown. A typical preworkout meal might consist of:
- 12 oz of water
- 20 to 30 grams of carbohydrates (glucose, sucrose and/or maltodextrin)
- 5 to 10 grams of protein (e.g. whey protein)
- electrolytes (mostly sodium, potassium and magnesium)
This feeding gets nutrients into your body at a time when it needs them most and also when it is most receptive to them (the 'anabolic window' window again). A typical postworkout meal might look like this:
- Lots of water
- 20 to 30 grams protein
- 80 to 100 grams carbohydrate
- electrolytes (e.g. sodium, potassium, magnesium)
You can buy powdered shake mixes that purport to give you the exact right mixture of these ingredients, typically with the addition of some secret or proprietary compounds (exotics like black mamba venom, or fancy chemical names like 2,3-diethyl-dichloro-cancer-some-day). While these mixtures are convenient they are also very expensive.
A cheaper alternative is to buy bulk powdered sportsdrink (Gatorade, Powerade, etc), maltodextrin (an easily absorbed carbohydrate) and protein powder (whey, hemp, egg, etc.). Play mad scientist, mixing up different concoctions using water or diluted fruit juice as a base until you find a mixture with flavor and consistency that you like. Feel free to experiment: for example I eventually discovered that my body reacts quite badly to whey protein and now use a variety of other proteins instead.
I can't say that I follow these guidelines religiously, but the bottom line is to try and get something into your belly immediately before and immediately after exercise. If all you can get your hands on is a small bottle of Powerade or Gatorade then that is still way better than having nothing at all. Please note that I've skipped over a lot of chemistry and physiology in this article: if you want to know more about this topic check out just about any sports nutrition book ('Nutrient Timing' by Ivy and Portman is one of my favorites).
Train hard, recover smart!
Labels: conditioning, Injuries, overtraining
Leglocking Interview
April 18, 2008
The Four Most Common Leglock Mistakes
Labels: Grapplearts DVDs, leglocks
Leglock Entry from Standing Clinch
Labels: Grapplearts DVDs, leglocks
The 'Hip Hop' Counter to the Anklelock
Labels: Grapplearts DVDs, leglocks
Counter to the Rolling Toehold vs. de la Riva Guard
Labels: Grapplearts DVDs, leglocks
April 13, 2008
Short & Long Term Problem Solving
An opponent in grappling is always presenting different problems to you: he won't let you separate his hands when you're trying to armbar him, he holds your leg when you're trying to pass his guard, he bridges out of your mount: all these are 'problems' to be solved.
As you grow as a grappler you will accumulate many solutions to these sorts of problems. These solutions are the counters and re-counters (counters to the counters) that transform grappling from a mere strength and endurance contest into game of physical chess.
No matter how knowledgeable and experienced you are, you will eventually going to run into problems that you don't currently have a solution to. This is normal, because you simply can't anticipate every jumble of limbs and body parts that is ever going to occur on the mats.
When facing one of these unanticipated problems you can sometimes solve it right there in the heat of the battle. This on-the-fly problem solving, if it works, is very gratifying: some of my nicest jiu-jitsu moments were the result of creatively and spontaneously finding a solution that solved an unusual problem posed to me by an opponent.
Not all problems can be solved on the fly however: sometimes you need to take the problem away with you, digest it, work on it, and try to solve it in a cool and systematic way. Here is where the awareness I spoke of earlier comes in: it is often too easy to get frustrated by a problem, curse under your breath, and then move on with the sparring match. Instead of forgetting about the problem, make a mental note to work on it later.
Sometime after sparring is finished take the time to figure out some solutions to the problem you encountered earlier. Some approaches to finding a solution include:
- Re-creating that position with a training partner, and seeing if you or he can think of a technical solution
- Asking your instructors and other training partners for input
- Checking your DVD and book collection for ideas
- Going to the internet, looking on Youtube, and/or asking a question on a training forum
- Dwelling on the problem for a while and letting it ferment to see if your unconscious mind can come up with a better solution than your waking brain
I recently noticed that one of my main training partners has been consistently escaping from my sidemount using the same unconventional escape again and again. When I successfully solve this problem, using one of the methods I talked about above, both his and my jiu-jitsu will grow a notch, and we'll both be better grapplers for it.
Labels: the mental aspect
Congratulations to a Leglock Master
If you want to see the fight, it is floating around out there in cyberspace (hint: try dailymotion.com).



